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16. CONCLUSION
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16. CONCLUSION1. Tirukkuṟaḷ of Thiruvaḷḷuvar can be fully understood only with the knowledge of Sanskrit, as it draws heavily from Dharma Śāstras, Artha Śāstras, Kāma Śāstra, Nāṭya Śāstra and also their commentaries.2. The detailed study reveals it is virtually a Tamil rendering of the Dharma Ś...
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15. DAVID SHULMAN ON VAḶUVAR
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15. DAVID SHULMAN ON VAḶUVARThe linguistic evidence is, as usual critical. We do not see in this work the archaic features of the Tamiḻ of Saṅgam anthologies, and we do find elements, both lexical and morphological, that are first attested in the Pallava-Pāṅḍya period, or even later, including the...
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14. Kapilar
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14. KapilarG.U.Pope published Translations of over 72 Saṅgam poems of Puranāṉūru, and also translation of the text Purapporuḷ Veṇpā Mālai in Asiatic Quarterly Review, in Christava Siddhanta Deepika and Indian Antiquary Volumes. These were reprinted under the Tamil Herioc Poems by Saiva Siddh...
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G.U. POPE13.1. COLONIAL ATTEMPT TO CHRISTINAISE TIRUKKUṚAḶby R. Nagaswamy
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13. G.U. POPE13.1. COLONIAL ATTEMPT TO CHRISTINAISE TIRUKKUṚAḶby R. Nagaswamy Pope was born in 14th April 1820, to a Scottish merchant. He was a born scholar, with his mind set on learning languages but embraced the profession of a Christian missionary whose life work was to convert people to sect...
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12.2. LIFE OF TIRUVALLUVAR as given by Rev. Lazzarus
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12.2. LIFE OF TIRUVALLUVAR as given by Rev. LazzarusTIRUVAḶḶUVAR deservedly ranks foremost among the poets and moralists of India, for he has had no superior or equal in either character. He appears to have lived during the life time of UGRAVAḺUTI PĀṆḌIAN at Madura in whose reign the last Madura Col...
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12. LAZZARUS12.1. Rev. LAZZARUS on Tirukkuṟaḷ (1885)
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12. LAZZARUS12.1. Rev. LAZZARUS on Tirukkuṟaḷ (1885)The want of a neat and accurate edition of the greatest ethical classic of South India has for a long time been felt by all lovers of the Tamiḻ Language and its literature. To meet this want, the Publisher now offers to the public a new edition of the K...
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10. Jaina Origin of Tirukkuṟaḷ
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10. Jaina Origin of TirukkuṟaḷEver since the Kuṟaḷ was written, it served the Dharma Śāstra of the people who used Sanskrit. The conduct and the lifestyle of individual irrespective religion and sect of the people by the Dharma Śāstra which indeed ghryasūtras and the Brāhmins guided all sections i...
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The Dhammapada Brāhmaṇavaggo — The BrāhminCommentary by S. Radhakrishnan
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9. The Dhammapada Brāhmaṇavaggo — The BrāhminCommentary by S. Radhakrishnan1. chinda sotaṁ parakkamma kāme panuda brāhmaṇasaṅkhārānaṁ ñatvā akataññū si brāhmaṇaO Brāhmin ,cut off the stream, be energetic, drive away desires. Knowing the destruction of all that is made (or the elements of exi...
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8. ALLEGED COIN OF TIRUVALLUVAR
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8. ALLEGED COIN OF TIRUVALLUVARThere is a gold coin accidentally discovered in a box at Calcutta depicting a sage on the coverage and a five pointed star on the reverse. Iravatham Mahadevan, published a note on this coin identifying the seated sage as Tiruvaḷḷuvar; further he also speculated it sho...
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PUTRA PRAPTIComparative Study of Tirukkuṟaḷ and other Sanskrit Sources by Dr. Ramadevi Sekhar
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VOLUME - III7. PUTRA PRAPTIComparative Study of Tirukkuṟaḷ and other Sanskrit Sources by Dr. Ramadevi SekharThe stages of life (āśramas) regulating man's life are four: student, householder, forest dweller, and renunciate (brahmacharya, gṛhasta, vānaprasta, and sanyāsa). They are all base...
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Kamattupal
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6.2. U.Ve Swaminatha Aiyyar (U.Ve.Sa) Nāṭaka VaḻakkuIt is necessary to state at this stage, that the Kāmattuppāl of Tirukkuṟaḷ falls under the genre of Aham feeling of Saṅgam Poetry tradition which deals with amorous life of man, there are all together 2800 poems in the Saṅgam groups of poems out of...
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5.9. KĀMATTUPPĀL
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5.9. KĀMATTUPPĀL There are two views with regard to this particular volume. One is that Vaḷḷuvar gives expression to purely Tamiḻ aspect of Kāma. According to this the whole can be conveniently divided into Kaḷaviyal and Kaṟpiyal, and these again are based on the five Tiṇais peculiar to the Tamiḻs...
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5.8. STUDIES IN TAMIL LITERATURE
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5.8. STUDIES IN TAMIL LITERATUREThe Artha Śāstra prescribes that a king should select such ministers whose loyalty has been tried and who would protect him from risks involving danger to life.य एनमापत्सु प्राणबाधयुक्तास्वनुग्रहिष्णुःतानमात्यान् कुर्वीत। दृष्टानुरागत्वादिति । (i.8)The Ku...
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5.7. PORUTPĀL
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5.7. PORUTPĀLParimēlaḻakar makes a three fold clasification of the second section of the Kuṟaḷ. He divides it into kingship, elements of sovereignty and common duties. This section consists of seventy chapters on the whole; and of these, twenty-five chapters deal with kingship and king. The nex...
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5.6. ARATUPPĀL
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5.6. ARATUPPĀLComing to the first division of the book Parimēlaḻakar classifies it into two sections broadly Illaṟam or the Dharma pertaining to domestic life and Tuṟuavaṟam or the Dharma pertaining to renunciation of the world. There is another view that the whole book dealing with aram denotes...
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5.5. THE RELIGION OF VAḶḶUVAR
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5.5. THE RELIGION OF VAḶḶUVARThe genius of Tiruvaḷḷuvar consists in having produced a treatise on pure ethics which is the common property of all religions in the world. The moral code that has been presented to us contains nīti gems which would serve the world for all time to come. The maxims promulg...
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5.4. THE AGE OF TIRUVAḶḶUVAR
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5.4. THE AGE OF TIRUVAḶḶUVARWhile we are roaming about in a world of conjectures and imaginary pictures basing each on a single word or expression accidentally used or met with, it is preposterous to take up the examination of the date of the composition of the Kuṟaḷ. What is gratifying to note is that...
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Poruṭppāl
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5.1. Introduction While the volume Aṟatuppāl is mainly concerned with the personal life of man, the Poruṭppāl shows him the society. He would like to have security in life for himself, for his relatives, and others, for which he is ready to earn wealth and pay a portion of his earnings to the state by w...
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4 Arathupal
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4.1.1. Akṣarābhyāsa (kaṭavuḷ vāḻttu — analysis)அகர முதல எழுத்தெல்லாம் ஆதிபகவன் முதற்றே உலகு. — 1.1The first verse is:akara mutala eḻuttellām ātipakavan mutaṟṟe ulaku — 1.1As all letters have the letter “A” for their first so all world has the eternal God for its first. — Lazarus“A”, as its first...
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03 . TIRUKKURAḶ 3. Introduction
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03 . TIRUKKURAḶ 3. Introduction We have already seen that some Upaniṣadic passages are found integrated into the Puraṉānūṟu poems is the translations of Taittiriya Upaniṣad passage on "Annam". Similarly I have shown that Tolkāppiyam is influenced by Bharata's Nāṭyaśāstra specially poruḷ adh...
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02. TIRUKKURAḶ OVERVIEW
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2. TIRUKKURAḶ OVERVIEWThere is no gem in the whole field of Tamil literature more precious than Tirukkuṟaḷ by Tiruvaḷḷuvar written either before or after its composition. He is a master of Tamil language as reflected in his choice of words and their power to communicate in a striking manner. As one m...
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1. DHARMA ŚĀSTRAS
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1. DHARMA ŚĀSTRASManu has mentioned the country between the Eastern ocean and the Western ocean was called Ārya Deśa and this could refer only to Tamil Nadu, Andhra and Karnataka (and also Kerala).After his preliminary description of explanations and Samskāras he gives the following subjects as...
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00 Intro TIRUKKUṞAḶ An Abridgment of Śāstras -R. Nagaswamy
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TIRUKKUṞAḶ An Abridgment of Śāstras -R. NagaswamyTami Arts Academy & GIRI Traders, Chennai 2017Tirukkuṟaḷ, by Sage Tiruvaḷḷuvar is studied from a new revolutionary angle. Author citing extensively, from Sanskrit Dharma Śāstras, Artha Śāstra, Nāṭya Śāstra and Kāma Śāstra proves, it is as...
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